What are two IEEE standards that represent variants of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) are both IEEE standards that enhance the original Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). RSTP, defined in IEEE 802.1w, improves the convergence time of STP, allowing for quicker recovery from topology changes. It achieves this by introducing additional port states and roles, which streamline the process of reconfiguring the network topology in response to changes.

MSTP, defined in IEEE 802.1s, allows multiple VLANs to share the same spanning tree instance, thus enabling efficient utilization of network resources compared to the original STP, which treated each VLAN separately. This means that MSTP can reduce the number of spanning tree instances required in complex networks, providing significant scalability benefits.

Both RSTP and MSTP are critical for modern Ethernet networks, enabling more efficient data traffic management and minimizing downtime during network changes.